The Parisian club has now won the season-opening trophy on 14 different occasions.
The Parisian giants needed a dramatic leveler followed by a successful penalty shootout to get past their arch-rivals in Kuwait and capture a record-extending fourth consecutive French Super Cup title.
The Champions League holders seemed to be coasting towards a comfortable triumph in the showdown featuring the French league champions and the French Cup winners after the French winger found the scoring early on.
Yet, Marseille struck two times in the closing moments to take a surprise lead. Initially, Mason Greenwood converted from the spot-kick, before the defender unfortunately directed the ball into his own net for an own goal.
In a remarkable twist of fortune, Goncalo Ramos snatched a crucial leveler in the final seconds to force the match into a deciding shootout. The Parisian shot-stopper Chevalier then stood as the key figure, stopping crucial attempts from Matt O'Riley and Hamed Traore.
From the spot, Goncalo Ramos, Vitinha, the full-back, and Desire Doue all converted successfully for Paris Saint-Germain to seal a convincing penalty victory.
Now 14-time winners Paris Saint-Germain, who met last season's Ligue 1 second-placed team Marseille after completing a league and cup double, have now won this competition for the twelfth time in the past thirteen years.